Morphological investigations of fibrogenic action of Estonian oil shale dust.

Carcinogenicity studies of Estonian oil shale soots.

Several series of chronic experiments in white mice and white rats were carried out in order to determine the carcinogenicity of Estonian oil shale soot as well as the soot from oil shale fuel oil. All the investigated samples of soot showed a relatively low (from 14 to 1200 ppm) benzo(a)pyrene content. The benzene extract of oil shale soot, painted on the skin of white mice, proved to be stron...

Cancer patterns in the oil shale area of the Estonian S.S.R.

Age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach, lung, and skin cancer among urban (1967-1972) and rural (1963-1972) population of four administrative districts in the Estonian S.S.R. have been presented. In the Kohtla-Järve district (oil shale area) there was an excess of stomach and lung cancer. High rates of stomach cancer in towns and boroughs of oil shale area may be explained by migration. A grea...

Environmental Hazard of the Waste Streams of Estonian Oil Shale Industry: an Ecotoxicological Review

In Estonia there is the largest industrially-used oil-shale basin in the world. This review addresses the environmental hazard of the waste streams of oilshale industry via solid wasteand water-path, mainly focusing on ecotoxicological risk due to open semicoke deposition inducing hazard to surrounding soils and groundwater. This is the first comprehensive ecotoxicological review of available d...

A study on the EU oil shale industry – viewed in the light of the Estonian experience

Towards Multifunctionality of Mining Landscapes in the Estonian Oil Shale Basin: Typologies, Assessment and Planning

The paper introduces the landscape assessment approach for the post-mining landscapes in the Estonian oil shale open-cast mines. Typologies of mining landscapes are based on landscape pattern, features and functions predetermined by mining technologies. The open-cast mines which have been predominantly subjected to monofunctional reforestation should direct to diversification of landscape and i...